By Michael Kimmel
November 20, 2013
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The following is an excerpt fromAngry White Men: American Masculinity at the End of an Era , by Michael Kimmel (Nation Books, 2013).
Who
are the white supremacists? There has been no formal survey, for
obvious reasons, but there are several noticeable patterns.
Geographically, they come from America’s heartland—small towns, rural
cities, swelling suburban sprawl outside larger Sunbelt cities. These
aren’t the prosperous towns, but the single-story working-class exurbs
that stretch for what feels like forever in the corridor between Long
Beach and San Diego (not the San Fernando Valley), or along the southern
tier of Pennsylvania, or spread all through the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan, across the vast high plains of eastern Washington and Oregon,
through Idaho and Montana. There are plenty in the declining cities of
the Rust Belt, in Dearborn and Flint, Buffalo and Milwaukee, in the bars
that remain in the shadows of the hulking deserted factories that once
were America’s manufacturing centers. And that doesn’t even touch the
former states of the Confederacy, where flying the Confederate flag is a
culturally approved symbol of “southern pride”—in the same way that
wearing a swastika would be a symbol of German “heritage” (except it’s
illegal in Germany to wear a swastika).
There’s a large rural
component. Although “the spread of far-right groups over the last decade
has not been limited to rural areas alone,” writes Osha Gray Davidson,
“the social and economic unraveling of rural communities—especially in
the midwest—has provided far-right groups with new audiences for their
messages of hate. Some of these groups have enjoyed considerable success
in their rural campaign.” For many farmers facing foreclosures, the Far
Right promises to help them save their land have been appealing,
offering farmers various schemes and legal maneuvers to help prevent
foreclosures, blaming the farmers’ troubles on Jewish bankers and the
one-world government. “As rural communities started to collapse,”
Davidson writes, the Far Right “could be seen at farm auctions
comforting families...confirming what rural people knew to be true: that
their livelihoods, their families, their communities—their very
lives—were falling apart.” In stark contrast to the government
indifference encountered by rural Americans, a range of Far Right
groups, most recently the militias, have seemingly provided support,
community, and answers.